Abstract
Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements
in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still
remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as
well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement
will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological
disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society
of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future
innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology,
as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Digestive and Liver DiseaseAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Helicobacter pylori and nonmalignant diseases.Helicobacter. 2014; 19: 27-31
- The Puzzle of Coccoid Forms of.Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9
- Review article: the global emergence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 43: 514-533
- Biofilm demolition and antibiotic treatment to eradicate resistant Helicobacter pylori: a clinical trial.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010; 8 (e3): 817-820
- Claritromycin resistance and Helicobacter pylori genotypes in Italy.J Microbiol. 2006; 44: 660-664
- Ten-Day Quadruple Therapy Comprising Proton Pump Inhibitor, Bismuth, Tetracycline, and Levofloxacin is More Effective than Standard Levofloxacin Triple Therapy in the Second-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112: 1374-1381
- Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Italy: The III Working Group Consensus Report 2015.Dig Liver Dis. 2015; 47: 903-912
- Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report.Gut. 2017; 66: 6-30
- Prospective comparative study between two first-line regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication: Non-bismuth quadruple versus bismuth quadruple therapy.Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 43: 301-309
- Systematic review and meta-analysis: susceptibility-guided versus empirical antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; 70: 2447-2455
- A clinical practice viewpoint: to culture or not to culture Helicobacter pylori?.Dig Liver Dis. 2003; 35: 357-361
- Helicobacter pylori clarithromycin resistance detected by Etest and TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction: a comparative study.APMIS. 2012; 120: 712-717
- Review: Diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based detection tests for Helicobacter Pylori in stool samples.Helicobacter. 2017; : 22
- Evaluation of the novel Helicobacter pylori ClariRes real-time PCR assay for detection and clarithromycin susceptibility testing of H. pylori in stool specimens from symptomatic children.J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45: 1718-1722
- Application of real-time PCR stool assay for Helicobacter pylori detection and clarithromycin susceptibility testing in Brazilian children.Helicobacter. 2011; 16: 311-315
- Evaluation of a new test, genotype HelicoDR, for molecular detection of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori.J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47: 3600-3607
- GenoType HelicoDR test in the determination of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Korea.Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014; 49: 1058-1067
- Helicobacter pylori DNA isolation in the stool: an essential pre-requisite for bacterial noninvasive molecular analysis.Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016; 51: 1429-1432
- New fecal test for non-invasive.World J Gastroenterol. 2018; 24: 3021-3029
- Efficacy of a tailored PCR-guided triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.Med Mal Infect. 2020; 50: 492-499
- Efficacies of Genotypic Resistance-Guided vs Empirical Therapy for Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection.Gastroenterology. 2018; 155: 1109-1119
- Noninvasive molecular analysis of.World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23: 2453-2458
- Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review.BMC Med. 2019; 17: 142
- European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders.United European Gastroenterol J. 2019; 7: 583-613
- World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines on celiac disease.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013; 47: 121-126
- Endoscopic and histological pitfalls in the diagnosis of celiac disease: A multicentre study assessing the current practice.Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2013; 105: 326-333
- Adherence to Celiac Disease and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Biopsy Guidelines Is Poor in Children.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 65: 64-68
- American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease.Gastroenterology. 2006; 131: 1981-2002
- Seronegative celiac disease: where is the specific setting?.Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2015; 8: 110-116
- Intestinal-mucosa anti-transglutaminase antibody assays to test for genetic gluten intolerance.Cell Mol Immunol. 2014; 11: 617-620
- Anti-transglutaminase antibody assay of the culture medium of intestinal biopsy specimens can improve the accuracy of celiac disease diagnosis.Clin Chem. 2006; 52: 1175-1180
- Diagnostic accuracy and applicability of intestinal auto-antibodies in the wide clinical spectrum of coeliac disease.EBioMedicine. 2020; 51102567
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Celiac Disease Patients on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet.Nutrients. 2016; 8
- A prospective comparative study of five measures of gluten-free diet adherence in adults with coeliac disease.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 26: 1227-1235
- Systematic review with meta-analysis: Dietary adherence influences normalization of health-related quality of life in coeliac disease.Clin Nutr. 2017; 36: 399-406
- Tests for Serum Transglutaminase and Endomysial Antibodies Do Not Detect Most Patients With Celiac Disease and Persistent Villous Atrophy on Gluten-free Diets: a Meta-analysis.Gastroenterology. 2017; 153 (e1): 689-701
- Detection of gluten immunogenic peptides in the urine of patients with coeliac disease reveals transgressions in the gluten-free diet and incomplete mucosal healing.Gut. 2017; 66: 250-257
- Fecal Gluten Peptides Reveal Limitations of Serological Tests and Food Questionnaires for Monitoring Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease Patients.Am J Gastroenterol. 2016; 111: 1456-1465
- Prospective longitudinal study: use of faecal gluten immunogenic peptides to monitor children diagnosed with coeliac disease during transition to a gluten-free diet.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019; 49: 1484-1492
- Interleukin 15 mediates epithelial changes in celiac disease.Gastroenterology. 2000; 119: 996-1006
- Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in adults with coeliac disease exposed to gluten challenge: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 4: 948-959
- Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in patients with type 2 refractory coeliac disease: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 4: 960-970
- Epitope-Specific Immunotherapy Targeting CD4-Positive T Cells in Celiac Disease: Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Effects on Intestinal Histology and Plasma Cytokines with Escalating Dose Regimens of Nexvax2 in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study.EBioMedicine. 2017; 26: 78-90
- Novel Nondietary Therapies for Celiac Disease.Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 8: 335-345
- Patients enrolled in randomized controlled trials do not represent the inflammatory bowel disease patient population.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 10 (quiz e78): 1002-1007
- Can We Predict the Efficacy of Anti-TNF-α Agents?.Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18
- Fighting the Hype for Predictors of Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2020; 26: 764-765
- New insights into the dichotomous role of innate cytokines in gut homeostasis and inflammation.Cytokine. 2012; 59: 451-459
- Opposing Functions of Classic and Novel IL-1 Family Members in Gut Health and Disease.Front Immunol. 2013; 4: 181
- Efficacy and safety of simultaneous treatment with two biologic medications in refractory Crohn's disease.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 51: 1031-1038
- Combining Anti-TNF-α and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Series.Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018; 24: 997-1004
- Safety of dual biological therapy in Crohn's disease: a case series of vedolizumab in combination with other biologics.BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2018; 5e000243
- Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab Dual Biologic Therapy in the Treatment of Crohn's Disease.Case Rep Med. 2017; 20175264216
- Dual biological therapy with anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with pool analysis.Scand J Gastroenterol. 2019; 54: 407-413
- Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease.Gastroenterology. 2011; 141 (e1-5): 1621-1628
- Increased risk of acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients who received thiopurine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 12: 1324-1329
- Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study.Lancet. 2009; 374: 1617-1625
- Excess risk of urinary tract cancers in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 43: 252-261
- European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Treatment Withdrawal ['Exit Strategies'] in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.J Crohns Colitis. 2018; 12: 17-31
- Proinflammatory Dietary Intake is Associated with Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Case-Control Study in Argentina Using a Multilevel Modeling Approach.Nutr Cancer. 2018; 70: 61-68
- Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Review of 17 Years of Evidence (2000-2016).Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep. 2017; 13: 440-454
- Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential With Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Women.JAMA Oncol. 2018; 4: 366-373
- Obesity in cancer survival.Annu Rev Nutr. 2012; 32: 311-342
- Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer.Gastroenterology. 2020; 158: 322-340
Fund W.C.R. Continuous update project report: diet, nutrition and physical activity and colorectal cancer.
- Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention.Gastroenterology. 2015; 148 (e16): 1244-1260
- Paracrine and endocrine effects of adipose tissue on cancer development and progression.Endocr Rev. 2011; 32: 550-570
- Obesity and cancer–mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence.Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014; 10: 455-465
- Adipocyte-derived endotrophin promotes malignant tumor progression.J Clin Invest. 2012; 122: 4243-4256
- A cross-sectional analysis of the associations between adult height, BMI and serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 -2 and -3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Ann Hum Biol. 2011; 38: 194-202
- Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia.Nat Rev Cancer. 2008; 8: 915-928
- Association of plasma endotoxin, inflammatory cytokines and risk of colorectal adenomas.BMC Cancer. 2013; 13: 91
- Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of intestinal microbial diversity and distinct metagenomic functions.Microbiome. 2016; 4: 42
- Differences in gut microbiota profile between women with active lifestyle and sedentary women.PLoS One. 2017; 12e0171352
- Exercise Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Lean and Obese Humans.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018; 50: 747-757
- Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: A review.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018; 58: 1428-1447
- Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications.Biochem Pharmacol. 2011; 82: 1807-1821
- Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016; 25: 634-639
- Effect of Cocoa and Its Flavonoids on Biomarkers of Inflammation: Studies of Cell Culture, Animals and Humans.Nutrients. 2016; 8: 212
- Apple Polyphenol Phloretin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the Type 2 Glucose Transporter and Activation of p53-Mediated Signaling.J Agric Food Chem. 2016; 64: 6826-6837
- Apple polyphenols affect protein kinase C activity and the onset of apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells.J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55: 4999-5006
- A prospective evaluation of plasma polyphenol levels and colon cancer risk.Int J Cancer. 2018; 143: 1620-1631
- Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability.Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 727-747
- Whole-grain wheat consumption reduces inflammation in a randomized controlled trial on overweight and obese subjects with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: role of polyphenols bound to cereal dietary fiber.Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; 101: 251-261
- Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements.ISME J. 2013; 7: 269-280
- Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer.NMR Biomed. 2009; 22: 342-348
- Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer.Gastroenterology. 2020; 158: 368-388
- Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E and use of multiple vitamin supplements and risk of colon cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.Cancer Causes Control. 2010; 21: 1745-1757
- Meta-analysis: antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention of colorectal adenoma.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006; 24: 281-291
- Antioxidants in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Colorectal Dis. 2011; 13: 1085-1099
- The effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on colorectal adenomas in middle-aged male smokers.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999; 8: 489-493
- Inhibition of dietary fat-promoted colon carcinogenesis in rats by supplemental calcium or vitamin D3.Carcinogenesis. 1988; 9: 187-190
- Immunocytochemical localization of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in normal and malignant human large intestinal mucosa.J Histochem Cytochem. 2000; 48: 595-602
- The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression.Nat Rev Cancer. 2014; 14: 342-357
- A Trial of Calcium and Vitamin D for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas.N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 1519-1530
- Efficacy of different faecal microbiota transplantation protocols for. United.European Gastroenterol J. 2018; 6: 1232-1244
- European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice.Gut. 2017; 66: 569-580
- Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome.Gastroenterology. 2012; 143 (e7): 913-916
- Systematic review: faecal microbiota transplantation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012; 36: 503-516
- Systematic review with meta-analysis: faecal microbiota transplantation for the induction of remission for active ulcerative colitis.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 46: 213-224
- Insights into the role of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2019; 12 (1756284819836893)
- Fecal microbiota transplantation improves metabolic syndrome parameters: systematic review with meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials.Nutr Res. 2020; 83: 1-14
- Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Lean Donor Feces in Metabolic Syndrome Is Driven by Baseline Intestinal Microbiota Composition.Cell Metab. 2017; 26 (e6): 611-619
- Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Nat Commun. 2020; 11: 4333
- Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients.Science. 2021; 371: 602-609
- Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients.Science. 2021; 371: 595-602
- A standardised model for stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation: a consensus report from a multidisciplinary UEG working group.United European Gastroenterol J. 2020; (2050640620967898)
- Clinical and genetic characteristics of hereditary pancreatitis in Europe.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004; 2: 252-261
- Incidence of cancer in the course of chronic pancreatitis.Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94: 1253-1260
- Hereditary pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. International Hereditary Pancreatitis Study Group.J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997; 89: 442-446
- The natural history of hereditary pancreatitis: a national series.Gut. 2009; 58: 97-103
- Chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, classification, and new genetic developments.Gastroenterology. 2001; 120: 682-707
- Genetic aspects of pancreatitis.Annu Rev Med. 2010; 61: 413-424
- Acute recurrent pancreatitis: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 16891-16901
- Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor: A Review in Cystic Fibrosis.Drugs. 2016; 76: 1191-1201
- Lumacaftor-ivacaftor in the treatment of cystic fibrosis: design, development and place in therapy.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019; 13: 2405-2412
- Mechanisms of CFTR functional variants that impair regulated bicarbonate permeation and increase risk for pancreatitis but not for cystic fibrosis.PLoS Genet. 2014; 10e1004376
- Organoids from the Human Fetal and Adult Pancreas.Curr Diab Rep. 2019; 19: 160
- Increased efficacy of VX-809 in different cellular systems results from an early stabilization effect of F508del-CFTR.Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2015; 3: e00152
- Correction of the F508del-CFTR protein processing defect in vitro by the investigational drug VX-809.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108: 18843-18848
- Expert consensus document: Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA).Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 13: 261-280
- Erlotinib plus gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 1960-1966
- Phase 2 study of erlotinib combined with adjuvant chemoradiation and chemotherapy in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013; 86: 678-685
- Maintenance Olaparib for Germline.N Engl J Med. 2019; 381: 317-327
- Multiple cells of origin in cholangiocarcinoma underlie biological, epidemiological and clinical heterogeneity.World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2012; 4: 94-102
- Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management.Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 17: 557-588
- Identification of microRNAs as biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma detection: A diagnostic meta-analysis.Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2017; 41: 156-162
- MicroRNAs in Serum and Bile of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and/or Cholangiocarcinoma.PLoS One. 2015; 10e0139305
- Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma.Liver Int. 2019; 39: 108-122
- Ivosidenib in IDH1-mutant, chemotherapy-refractory cholangiocarcinoma (ClarIDHy): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21: 796-807
- Phase II Study of BGJ398 in Patients With FGFR-Altered Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma.J Clin Oncol. 2018; 36: 276-282
- Pemigatinib for previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study.Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21: 671-684
- Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative.Endoscopy. 2016; 48: 843-864
- Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative.Endoscopy. 2017; 49: 378-397
- Prevention of overuse: A view on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.World J Gastroenterol. 2019; 25: 178-189
- Digestive findings that do not require endoscopic surveillance - Reducing the burden of care: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement.Endoscopy. 2020; 52: 491-497
- Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2019.Endoscopy. 2019; 51: 775-794
- The management of 'hard-to-prepare' colonoscopy patients.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 11: 731-740
- Factors That Affect Adequacy of Colon Cleansing for Colonoscopy in Hospitalized Patients.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;
- Advanced imaging for detection and differentiation of colorectal neoplasia: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2019.Endoscopy. 2019; 51: 1155-1179
- Standalone performance of artificial intelligence for upper GI neoplasia: a meta-analysis.Gut. 2020;
- Mucosal flattening assisted colonoscopy (FAC) for improving adenoma detection rate: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis.United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2018; 6
- Endoscopic technological innovations for neoplasia detection in organized colorectal cancer screening programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gastrointest Endosc. 2020; 92 (e9): 840-847
- The role of the surgeon in the evolution of flexible endoscopy.Surg Endosc. 2007; 21: 838-853
- Submucosal endoscopic esophageal myotomy: a novel experimental approach for the treatment of achalasia.Endoscopy. 2007; 39: 761-764
- Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia.Endoscopy. 2010; 42: 265-271
- New and emerging techniques for endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: State-of-the-art review.Dig Endosc. 2018; 30: 449-460
- State of the art review with literature summary on gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis.J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 33: 1829-1833
- Per rectal endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of adult Hirschsprung's disease: First human case (with video).Dig Endosc. 2016; 28: 680-684
- Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surg Endosc. 2017; 31: 49-63
- Per-oral endoscopic tunneling for restoration of the esophagus (POETRE).Gastrointest Endosc. 2014; 80: 330
- Electrical stimulation for gastroesophageal reflux disease: current state of the art.Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2016; 9: 11-19
- Wirelessly Powered Endoscopically Implantable Devices into the Submucosa as the Possible Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2019; 20197459457
- Clinical outcomes five years after POEM for treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders.Surg Endosc. 2018; 32: 421-427
- GERD after per-oral endoscopic myotomy as compared with Heller's myotomy with fundoplication: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Gastrointest Endosc. 2018; 87 (e18): 934-943
- Peroral endoscopic myotomy and fundoplication: a novel NOTES procedure.Endoscopy. 2019; 51: 161-164
- Metabolic Endoscopy: Development and Perspectives.Digestion. 2019; 100: 147-151
- Bariatric-metabolic surgery versus conventional medical treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 5 year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial.Lancet. 2015; 386: 964-973
- Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes - 5-Year Outcomes.N Engl J Med. 2017; 376: 641-651
- The mechanism of diabetes control after gastrointestinal bypass surgery reveals a role of the proximal small intestine in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.Ann Surg. 2006; 244: 741-749
- A Meta-Analysis of GLP-1 After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass: Impact of Surgical Technique and Measurement Strategy.Obes Surg. 2018; 28: 615-626
- The mechanisms of surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes.Obes Surg. 2005; 15: 459-461
- The effect of bariatric surgery on gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones.Peptides. 2016; 77: 28-37
- Effect of the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Obesity: A Meta-analysis With Secondary Analysis on Weight Loss and Hormonal Changes.Diabetes Care. 2018; 41: 1106-1115
- Hydrothermal Duodenal Mucosal Resurfacing: Role in the Treatment of Metabolic Disease.Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2017; 27: 299-311
- Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: one year results from the first international, open-label, prospective, multicentre study.Gut. 2020; 69: 295-303
- The evolution of robotic surgery: surgical and anaesthetic aspects.Br J Anaesth. 2017; 119: i72-i84
- Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric lesions by using a Master and Slave Transluminal Endoscopic Robot (MASTER).Gastrointest Endosc. 2010; 72: 593-599
- Robot-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection is effective in treating patients with early-stage gastric neoplasia.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 10: 1117-1121
- Enhancement of a master-slave robotic system for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.Ann Acad Med Singap. 2011; 40: 223-230
- Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Resection: Current Status and Future Directions.Gut Liver. 2020; 14: 150-152
- Ultrasonic endoscope.Lancet. 1980; 1: 629-631
- Endosonography-guided real-time fine-needle aspiration biopsy.Gastrointest Endosc. 1994; 40: 700-707
- Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Interventions: From Diagnosis to Treatment.Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2018; 6: 61-67
- Endoscopic Doppler Probe in the Diagnosis and Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.ACG Case Rep J. 2018; 5: e68
- EUS-guided intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with direct portal pressure measurements: a novel alternative to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting.Gastrointest Endosc. 2017; 85: 243-247
- A new alternative for a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: EUS-guided creation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (with video).Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69: 941-947
- Endoscopic ultrasound-guided intravascular therapy.J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015; 22: 44-50
- Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention.Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 15: 11-20
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease.Mayo Clin Proc. 1980; 55: 434-438
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.J Hepatol. 2016; 64: 1388-1402
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Potential New Treatments.Nutrients. 2017; 9
- The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation.Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20: 40-54
- A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement.J Hepatol. 2020; 73: 202-209
- From NAFLD to MAFLD: when pathophysiology succeeds.Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 17: 387-388
- What's in a name? Renaming 'NAFLD' to 'MAFLD'.Liver Int. 2020; 40: 1254-1261
- Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise.J Hepatol. 2017; 67: 829-846
- Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology. 2015; 149 (e5; quiz e14-5): 367-378
- Community-based lifestyle modification programme for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.J Hepatol. 2013; 59: 536-542
- Drug development: Sprint finish.Nature. 2017; : 551
- Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review.JAMA. 2020; 323: 1175-1183
- Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.N Engl J Med. 2010; 362: 1675-1685
- Elafibranor, an Agonist of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α and -δ, Induces Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Without Fibrosis Worsening.Gastroenterology. 2016; 150 (e5): 1147-1159
- Simtuzumab Is Ineffective for Patients With Bridging Fibrosis or Compensated Cirrhosis Caused by Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Gastroenterology. 2018; 155: 1140-1153
- Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet. 2015; 385: 956-965
- Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Lancet. 2019; 394: 2184-2196
- EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.J Hepatol. 2017; 67: 145-172
- EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis.J Hepatol. 2015; 63: 971-1004
- Progress and challenges of selective Farnesoid X Receptor modulation.Pharmacol Ther. 2018; 191: 162-177
- A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.N Engl J Med. 2016; 375: 631-643
- Update on New Drugs and Those in Development for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018; 14: 154-163
- A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 2171-2181
- Combination of fibrates with obeticholic acid is able to normalise biochemical liver tests in patients with difficult-to-treat primary biliary cholangitis.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021; 53: 1138-1146
- New treatments/targets for primary biliary cholangitis.JHEP Rep. 2019; 1: 203-213
- Clinical Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Strategies and Evolving Trends.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020; 59: 175-194
- Effect of ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 on pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover, phase 2a study.Lancet. 2017; 389: 1114-1123
- Ursodiol for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Ursodeoxycholic Acid Study Group.N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 691-695
- High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis.Hepatology. 2009; 50: 808-814
- Emerging therapies in primary sclerosing cholangitis: pathophysiological basis and clinical opportunities.J Gastroenterol. 2020; 55: 588-614
- Simtuzumab for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Phase 2 Study Results With Insights on the Natural History of the Disease.Hepatology. 2019; 69: 684-698
- norUrsodeoxycholic acid improves cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis.J Hepatol. 2017; 67: 549-558
- Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC): a Comprehensive Review.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020; 58: 134-149
- Bile proteomic profiles differentiate cholangiocarcinoma from primary sclerosing cholangitis and choledocholithiasis.Hepatology. 2011; 53: 875-884
- A combined bile and urine proteomic test for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis in patients with biliary strictures of unknown origin.United European Gastroenterol J. 2017; 5: 668-676
- Next-Generation Sequencing and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Have Comparable Performance Characteristics in the Analysis of Pancreaticobiliary Brushings for Malignancy.J Mol Diagn. 2016; 18: 124-130
- Biliary endoscopy in the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its complications.Liver Res. 2019; 3: 106-117
- Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of antinuclear antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies and antibodies to a soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas in autoimmune hepatitis.PLoS One. 2014; 9: e92267
- Autoantibodies to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) measured by a novel ELISA–revival of a disease-activity marker in autoimmune hepatitis.Clin Chim Acta. 2009; 408: 19-24
- Laboratory-based scoring system for prediction of hepatic inflammatory activity in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Liver Int. 2013; 33: 1370-1377
- Autoimmune hepatitis: Current and future therapeutic options.Liver Int. 2019; 39: 1002-1013
- Comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for adult autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Exp Ther Med. 2018; 15: 4838-4850
- Efficacy of rituximab in difficult-to-manage autoimmune hepatitis: Results from the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group.JHEP Rep. 2019; 1: 437-445
- Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Gastroenterology. 2012; 142 (e1): 1264-1273
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is the Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation and Placement on the Waitlist in the United States.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 15 (e3): 767-775
- Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is the Fastest Growing Cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Transplant Candidates.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 17 (e3): 748-755
- Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med. 1996; 334: 693-699
- Allocation of liver grafts worldwide - Is there a best system?.J Hepatol. 2019; 71: 707-718
- Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21: 947-956
- A Multistep, Consensus-Based Approach to Organ Allocation in Liver Transplantation: Toward a "Blended Principle Model".Am J Transplant. 2015; 15: 2552-2561
- Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a model including α-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria.Gastroenterology. 2012; 143 (e3; quiz e14-5): 986-994
- Evolution of Liver Transplant Selection Criteria and U.S. Allocation Policy for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Semin Liver Dis. 2020; 40: 358-364
- Transplant Oncology in Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors: Principles, Evidence, and Opportunities.Ann Surg. 2021; 273: 483-493
- Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Ann Surg. 2005; 242 (discussion 8-61): 451-458
- Liver transplantation for "very early" intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: International retrospective study supporting a prospective assessment.Hepatology. 2016; 64: 1178-1188
- Liver transplantation for nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer.Ann Surg. 2013; 257: 800-806
- Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Working Group Report from the ILTS Transplant Oncology Consensus Conference.Transplantation. 2020; 104: 1136-1142
- Meta-analysis: recurrence and survival following the use of sirolimus in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 37: 411-419
- Sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Liver Transpl. 2012; 18: 62-69
- Sirolimus Use in Liver Transplant Recipients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Phase 3 Trial.Transplantation. 2016; 100: 116-125
- Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 378-390
- Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial.Lancet. 2018; 391: 1163-1173
- Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Lancet. 2017; 389: 56-66
- Ramucirumab after sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and increased α-fetoprotein concentrations (REACH-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20: 282-296
- Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced and Progressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma.N Engl J Med. 2018; 379: 54-63
- Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial.Lancet. 2017; 389: 2492-2502
- Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib (KEYNOTE-224): a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2018; 19: 940-952
- Atezolizumab with or without bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (GO30140): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b study.Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21: 808-820
- PDL1 is required for peripheral transplantation tolerance and protection from chronic allograft rejection.J Immunol. 2007; 179: 5204-5210
- Newsletter Transplant.International Figures on Organ Donation and Transplantation, 2018 (2019)
- OPTN/SRTR 2018 Annual Data Report: Liver.Am J Transplant. 2020; 20: 193-299
- 2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation.Transpl Int. 2018; 31: 1293-1317
- Liver transplantation in Japan: Registry by the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society.Hepatol Res. 2019; 49: 964-980
- Liver transplantation for HBV-related cirrhosis in Europe: an ELTR study on evolution and outcomes.J Hepatol. 2013; 58: 287-296
- The road map toward an hepatitis C virus-free transplant population.Am J Transplant. 2018; 18: 2409-2416
- Long-term impact of preventive UDCA therapy after transplantation for primary biliary cholangitis.J Hepatol. 2020;
- Con: Steroids Should Not Be Withdrawn in Transplant Recipients With Autoimmune Hepatitis.Liver Transpl. 2018; 24: 1113-1118
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Am J Gastroenterol. 2019; 114: 1071-1079
- Management of Recurrent and De Novo NAFLD/NASH After Liver Transplantation.Transplantation. 2019; 103: 57-67
- Liver Transplant Survivorship.Liver Transpl. 2020;
- Innovation in organ transplantation: A meeting report.Am J Transplant. 2018; 18: 1875-1878
- Quality of life and adherence in liver transplant recipients.Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2018; 64: 180-186
- Tolerance after liver transplantation: Where are we?.Liver Transpl. 2017; 23: 1601-1614
- Applicability, safety, and biological activity of regulatory T cell therapy in liver transplantation.Am J Transplant. 2020; 20: 1125-1136
- A pilot study of operational tolerance with a regulatory T-cell-based cell therapy in living donor liver transplantation.Hepatology. 2016; 64: 632-643
- Biomarkers of immune tolerance in liver transplantation.Hum Immunol. 2018; 79: 388-394
Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 08, 2021
Accepted:
August 12,
2021
Received in revised form:
August 9,
2021
Received:
May 13,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
