Abstract
You are what you eat. This adage has been confirmed by many studies demonstrating
the high impact of nutrition on risk of cardiovascular diseases, many malignancies
and other diseases. Dietary factors are of major relevance in the evolution of colorectal
carcinoma. Various aspects are involved in colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis including
genetics, lifestyle, age, chronic inflammation and others. It has only recently been
recognized that the gut microbiota might reflect an important missing link in the
interaction between diet and subsequent colorectal carcinoma development. Dietary
factors are a major confounding factor affecting the composition of the intestinal
microbiota. Several preclinical and clinical studies have recently suggested a role
for the intestinal microbiota in potentially initiating and driving colorectal carcinoma.
Therefore it is increasingly acknowledged that dietary factors might favor carcinogenesis
via manipulation of the gut microbiota via potential outgrowth of certain bacterial
populations, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli or Bacteroides fragilis. Excitingly, recent large clinical studies also highlighted a role for the gut microbiota
and in particular Akkermansia muciniphila in tumor response toward chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
This review will concentrate on the role of dietary factors in affecting the microbiota
and implications in colorectal carcinoma.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Digestive and Liver DiseaseAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention.Gastroenterology. 2015; 148 (e16): 1244-1260
- Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.Lancet. 2017; 390: 2037-2049
- Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study.Lancet. 2017; 390: 2050-2062
- Food, immunity, and the microbiome.Gastroenterology. 2015; 148: 1107-1119
- Inflammatory networks underlying colorectal cancer.Nat Immunol. 2016; 17: 230-240
- The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease.N Engl J Med. 2016; 375: 2369-2379
- Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity.Science. 2016; 352: 565-569
- Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes.Science. 2011; 334: 105-108
- Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.Nat Commun. 2015; 6: 6528
- Gut mucosal microbiome across stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.Nat Commun. 2015; 6: 8727
- Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer.Gut. 2017; 66: 70-78
- Feeding the microbiota: transducer of nutrient signals for the host.Gut. 2017; 66: 1709-1717
- Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.Gut. 2017; 66: 683-691
- The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer.Nat Rev Microbiol. 2014; 12: 661-672
- Microbes, microbiota, and colon cancer.Cell Host Microbe. 2014; 15: 317-328
- Sporadic colorectal cancer: microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy.Br J Cancer. 2016; 115: 273-280
- Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data.J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014; 68: 856-862
- The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today.J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981; 66: 1191-1308
- Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 437-446
- Dietary fiber intake reduces risk for colorectal adenoma: a meta-analysis.Gastroenterology. 2014; 146 (e6): 689-699
- Red and processed meat and colorectal cancer incidence: meta-analysis of prospective studies.PLoS One. 2011; 6: e20456
- Red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 83306-83314
- Meat consumption and cancer risk: a critical review of published meta-analyses.Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016; 97: 1-14
- Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Int J Cancer. 2013; 132: 437-448
- Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974–2013.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017; : 109
- Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells.Nature. 2013; 496: 518-522
- Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease.Nature. 2017; 551: 585-589
- Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide as cardiovascular risk biomarker: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European Heart J. 2017; 38: 2948-2956
- Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.Nat Med. 2013; 19: 576-585
- Serum trimethylamine N-oxide, carnitine, choline, and betaine in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the alpha tocopherol, beta carotene cancer prevention study.Cancer Epidemiol, Biomarkers Prev. 2017; 26: 945-952
- Effects of fat and fatty acid intake on inflammatory and immune responses: a critical review.Ann Nutr Metab. 2009; 55: 123-139
- The regulation of the intestinal flora of dogs through diet.J Med Res. 1919; 39: 415-447
- Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010; 107: 14691-14696
- Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness.Nature. 2013; 500: 585-588
- Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome.Nature. 2014; 505: 559-563
- Dietary factors major regulators of the gut's microbiota.Gut liver. 2012; 6: 411-416
- Dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota.Isme J. 2011; 5: 220-230
- Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/- mice.Nature. 2012; 487: 104-108
- Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production.Gut. 2016; 65: 63-72
- High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity.Gastroenterology. 1716; -24: e1-e2
- Products of the colonic microbiota mediate the effects of diet on colon cancer risk.J Nutr. 2009; 139: 2044-2048
- Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome.Nature. 2015; 519: 92-96
- Dietary emulsifier-induced low-grade inflammation promotes colon carcinogenesis.Cancer Res. 2017; 77: 27-40
- Diet-microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism.Nature. 2016; 535: 56-64
- Peptostreptococcus anaerobius induces intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis in colon cells to induce proliferation and causes dysplasia in mice.Gastroenterology. 2017; 152 (e5): 1419-1433
- Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer.Gut. 2017; 66: 1983-1994
- Fecal Bacteria Act as Novel Biomarkers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer.Clin Cancer Res. 2017; 23: 2061-2070
- Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma.Genome Res. 2012; 22: 292-298
- Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma.Genome Res. 2012; 22: 299-306
- Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013; 105: 1907-1911
- Fusobacterium nucleatum associates with stages of colorectal neoplasia development, colorectal cancer and disease outcome.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 33: 1381-1390
- Fusobacterium nucleatum and T Cells in Colorectal Carcinoma.JAMA Oncol. 2015; 1: 653-661
- Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with immunity and molecular alterations in colorectal cancer.World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22: 557-566
- Association of dietary patterns with risk of colorectal cancer subtypes classified by fusobacterium nucleatum in tumor Ttissue.JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3: 921-927
- Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy.Cell. 2017; 170 (e16): 548-563
- A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses.Nature Med. 2009; 15: 1016-1022
- Bacteroides fragilis subverts mucosal biology: from symbiont to colon carcinogenesis.J Clin Invest. 2014; 124: 4166-4172
- Diet-induced hypoxia responsive element demethylation increases CEACAM6 expression, favouring Crohn’s disease-associated Escherichia coli colonisation.Gut. 2015; 64: 428-437
- Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation.Scientific reports. 2016; 6: 19032
- Colonization of the human gut by E. coli and colorectal cancer risk.Clin Cancer Res. 2014; 20: 859-867
- Microbial genomic analysis reveals the essential role of inflammation in bacteria-induced colorectal cancer.Nat Commun. 2014; 5: 4724
- Bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colon tumour growth by inducing a senescence-associated secretory phenotype.Gut. 2014; 63: 1932-1942
- Quantitative profiling of colorectal cancer-associated bacteria reveals associations between fusobacterium spp., enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer.PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0119462
- The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive.Gut. 2017;
- Systematic evaluation of supervised classifiers for fecal microbiota-based prediction of colorectal cancer.Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 9546-9556
- Fusobacterium is associated with colorectal adenomas.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e53653
- The gut microbiota in conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer.Microbiome. 2016; 4: 69
- Shifts in the fecal microbiota associated with adenomatous polyps.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017; 26: 85-94
- Tumour-associated and non-tumour-associated microbiota in colorectal cancer.Gut. 2017; 66: 633-643
- Altered interactions between the gut microbiome and colonic mucosa precede polyposis in APCMin/+ Mice.PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0127985
- Could gut microbiota serve as prognostic biomarker associated with colorectal cancer patients' survival? A pilot study on relevant mechanism.Oncotarget. 2016; 7: 46158-46172
- The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide.Science. 2013; 342: 971-976
- Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment.Science. 2013; 342: 967-970
- Host-Microbe Co-metabolism Dictates Cancer Drug Efficacy in C. elegans.Cell. 2017; 56: e18
- Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors.Science. 2018; 359: 91-97
- Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients.Science. 2018; 359: 97-103
- A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice.Nat Med. 2017; 23: 107-113
- ecovery of ethanol-induced Akkermansia muciniphila depletion ameliorates alcoholic liver disease.Gut. 2018; 67: 891-901
- Microbiota: a key orchestrator of cancer therapy.Nat Rev Cancer. 2017; 17: 271-285
- Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature.BMJ. 2017; 356: j477
- Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction.J Clin Invest. 2011; 121: 2126-2132
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 02, 2018
Accepted:
March 22,
2018
Received:
January 31,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
