Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are multifactorial autoimmune diseases with growing
prevalence but the interaction between genetic, environmental and immunologic factors
in their development is complex and remains obscure. There is great need to understand
their pathogenetic mechanisms and evolve diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Long non-coding
RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that are known to interfere
in gene regulation but their roles and functions have not yet been fully understood.
While they are widely investigated in cancers, little is known about their contribution
in other diseases. There is growing evidence that lncRNAs play critical role in regulation
of immune system and that they interfere in the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune
diseases, like IBDs. Recent studies have identified lncRNAs in the proximity of IBD-associated
genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms within IBD-associated lncRNAs as well. Furthermore,
blood samples and pinch biopsies were also analyzed and a plethora of lncRNAs are
found to be deregulated in Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative colitis (UC) or both.
(Especially in UC samples the lncRNAs INFG-AS1 and BC012900 were found to be significantly
up-regulated. Similarly, ANRIL, a lncRNA that nest different disease associated SNPs,
is significantly down-regulated in inflamed IBD tissue.) This review aims at recording
for the first time recent data about lncRNAs found to be deregulated in IBDs and discussing
suggestive pathogenetic mechanisms and future use of lncRNAs as biomarkers.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 09, 2017
Accepted:
August 1,
2017
Received in revised form:
July 23,
2017
Received:
March 13,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
