Abstract
Background
Immune mechanisms have been implicated in nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), a condition
characterized by intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms caused by the ingestion
of gluten in non-celiac/non-wheat allergic individuals.
Aims
We investigated innate and adaptive immunity in self-reported NCGS versus celiac disease (CD).
Methods
In the supernatants of ex vivo-cultured duodenal biopsies from 14 self-reported NCGS patients, 9 untreated and 10
treated CD patients, and 12 controls we detected innate cytokines – interleukin (IL)-15,
tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27, IL-32α, thymic stromal
lymphopoietin (TSLP), IFN-α-, adaptive cytokines – interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, IL-4,
IL-5, IL-10, IL-13-, chemokines – IL-8, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10-,
granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating
factor (GM-CSF).
Results
Mucosal innate and adaptive cytokines, chemokines and growth factors did not differ
between self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls. On the contrary, IL-6, IL-15,
IL-27, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-23, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-8, CCL1 and CCL4 were significantly
higher in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls, while
TSLP was significantly lower in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD
and controls.
Conclusion
In our hands, patients with self-reported NCGS showed no abnormalities of the mucosal
immune response.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 26, 2016
Accepted:
March 30,
2016
Received:
December 13,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
