« Previous
Next »
Digestive and Liver Disease
Volume 42, Issue 4
, Pages 272-282
, April 2010
Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A decalogue from the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) Expert Committee
References
- . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2006;43(2 Suppl. 1):S99–S112
- . The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28:339–350
- Impact of fatty liver disease on health care utilization and costs in a general population: a 5-year observation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:85–94
- The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:113–121
- . American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1702–1704
- . Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37:1202–1219Review. Erratum in: Hepatology 2003; 38: 536
- Guidelines for the assessment and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region: executive summary. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:775–777
- Chinese National Consensus Workshop on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. J Dig Dis. 2008;
- . Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:147–152
- . Mechanisms of disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28:370–379
- . Recent insights into hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Prog Lipid Res. 2009;48:1–26
- . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathology and pathogenesis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2010;5:145–171
- Centre for EBM (CEBM) of Oxford and CEVEAS - Piano nazionale linee guida http://www.pnlg.it/.
- . GI epidemiology: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:883–889
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease: an open question. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17:684–698
- ‘Endocrine NAFLD’ a hormonocentric perspective of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. J Hepatol. 2006;44:1196–1207
- . Propensity for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: more evidence for ethnic susceptibility. Liver Int. 2009;29:4–5
- . Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology. 1990;12:1106–1110
- . Elevated AST or ALT to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: accurate predictor of disease prevalence?. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:955–956
- Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Dionysos nutrition and liver study. Hepatology. 2005;42:44–52
- Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with normal ALT values. Hepatology. 2003;37:1286–1292
- Risk of severe liver disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with normal aminotransferase levels: a role for insulin resistance and diabetes. Hepatology. 2008;48:792–798
- Incidence and natural course of fatty liver in the general population: the Dionysos study. Hepatology. 2007;46:1387–1391
- The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:722–728
- Long term prognosis of fatty liver: risk of chronic liver disease and death. Gut. 2004;53:750–755
- Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology. 2006;44:865–873
- Long-term follow-up of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;(November):
- Fatty liver is associated with insulin resistance, risk of coronary heart disease, and early atherosclerosis in a large European population. Hepatology. 2009;49:1537–1544
- Suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality risk in a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2263–2271
- High prevalence of metabolic complications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:864–869
- NAFLD as a risk factor for the development of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: an eleven-year follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:861–867
- . Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the mist gradually clears. J Hepatol. 2008;48(Suppl. 1):S104–S112
- The natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a follow-up study of forty-two patients for up to 21 years. Hepatology. 1990;11:74–80
- The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study. Hepatology. 1995;22:1714–1719
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology. 1999;116:1413–1419
- Expanding the natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: from cryptogenic cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:134–140
- Survival, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in obesity-related cryptogenic cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2002;35:1485–1493
- . The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical histopathological study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:2042–2047
- Long-term outcomes of cirrhosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38:420–427
- Natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a longitudinal study of repeat liver biopsies. Hepatology. 2004;40:820–826
- . Natural history of NAFLD: remarkably benign in the absence of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:375–378
- Hepatitis C and steatosis: a reappraisal. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13:73–80
- Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity. Hepatology. 2001;33:1358–1364
- Hepatocyte steatosis is a cytopathic effect of hepatitis C virus genotype 3. J Hepatol. 2000;33:106–115
- Effect of treatment with peginterferon or interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on steatosis in patients infected with hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38:75–85
- Race, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2007;45:80–87
- Hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism promote steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatology. 2005;41:995–1003
- Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)-493G/T gene polymorphism contributes to fat liver accumulation in HCV genotype 3 infected patients. J Viral Hepat. 2008;15:740–746
- Post-load insulin resistance is an independent predictor of hepatic fibrosis in virus C chronic hepatitis and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut. 2007;56:1296–1301
- Differences and similarities in early atherosclerosis between patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis B and C. J Hepatol. 2007;46:1126–1132
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with severe fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27:80–89
- Hepatitis C virus-infected patients are ‘spared’ from the metabolic syndrome but not from insulin resistance. A comparative study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C virus-related steatosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2009;23:273–278
- Insulin resistance is a cause of steatosis and fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. Gut. 2005;54:1003–1008
- Relationship between steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1636–1642
- Steatosis accelerates fibrosis development over time in hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infected patients. J Hepatol. 2002;37:837–842
- Worsening of steatosis is an independent factor of fibrosis progression in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C and paired liver biopsies. Gut. 2003;52:288–292
- The impact of hepatic steatosis on the natural history of chronic hepatitis C infection. J Viral Hepat. 2009;16:492–499
- Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Cancer. 2003;97:3036–3043
- Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Cancer. 2007;109:2490–2496
- Hepatic steatosis correlates with the postoperative recurrence of hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2007;27:620–626
- Hepatic steatosis as a possible risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma after eradication of hepatitis C virus with antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:5180–5187
- Effect of significant histologic steatosis or steatohepatitis on response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:604–609
- Determinants of relapse after a short (12 weeks) course of antiviral therapy and re-treatment efficacy of a prolonged course in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. Hepatology. 2009;49:358–363
- High body mass index is an independent risk factor for nonresponse to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38:639–644
- Insulin resistance impairs sustained response rate to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:636–641
- . Insulin resistance plays a significant role in liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and in the response to antiviral therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1509–1515
- Review article: hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis—pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(Suppl. 2):52–55
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicentre clinical study by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. Dig Liver Dis. 2004;36:398–405
- Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:1–10
- Review article: management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and “normal” alanine aminotransferase activity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1133–1149
- . Should nonalcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed?. Dig Dis. 2005;23:72–82
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1741–1747
- . Insulin resistance, iron, and the liver. Lancet. 2000;355:2181–2182
- . Insulin resistance: a metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2005;42:987–1000
- Technology Insight: non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by biochemical scores and elastography. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;5:95–106
- Low circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone in histologically advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2008;47:484–492
- Endocrine and liver interaction: the role of endocrine pathways in NASH. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6:236–247
- . Genes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2008;8:156–163
- Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fat using metabolic and genetic factors. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:865–872
- Independent predictors of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 1999;30:1356–1362
- Liver fibrosis in overweight patients. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:1117–1123
- . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in the severely obese. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jul;121:91–100
- The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology. 2007;45:846–854
- Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease. Gut. 2008;57:1441–1447
- A clinical scoring system for predicting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients. Hepatology. 2008;47:1916–1923
- Noninvasive markers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: validating the European Liver Fibrosis Panel and exploring simple markers. Hepatology. 2008;47:455–460
- The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:745–750
- Increased liver echogenicity at ultrasound examination reflects degree of steatosis but not of fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with mild/moderate abnormalities of liver transaminases. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34:516–522
- Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the sonographic assessment of fatty liver. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:W320–W323
- Imaging techniques for assessing hepatic fat content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol. 2008;7:212–220
- The role of bright liver echo pattern on ultrasound B-mode examination in the diagnosis of liver steatosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38:485–489
- Validity of real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 2009;51:1061–1067
- Computed tomography features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with histopathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2006;30:37–43
- Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:3476–3483
- Transient elastography in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gut. 2007;56:1330–1331
- Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dig Liver Dis. 2008;
- Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:960–974
- Assessment of fibrosis by transient elastography compared with liver biopsy and morphometry in chronic liver diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1027–1035
- Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: a 5-year prospective study of 13,369 examinations. Hepatology. 2009;(November):
- . Pathology of fatty liver disease. Mod Pathol. 2007;20(Suppl. 1):S40–S48
- . Review article: the evolving role of liver biopsy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20:249–259
- Liver biopsy. Hepatology. 2009;49:1017–1044
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(September):2467–2474
- Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2005;41:1313–1321
- Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:1898–1906
- . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;18:1221–1231
- Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group. Gut. 1997;41:845–850
- . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: selected practical issues in their evaluation and management. Hepatology. 2009;49:306–317
- Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower frequency of hypertransaminasemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1912–1919
- . Modest wine drinking and decreased prevalence of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2008;47:1947–1954
- Light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduces the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:2189–2195
- Nutrient intakes, nutritional patterns and the risk of liver cirrhosis: an explorative case-control study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19:861–869
- Excess weight risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 1997;25:108–111
- . Joint effects of body weight and alcohol on elevated serum alanine aminotransferase in the United States population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:1260–1268
- . Biomarkers in alcoholism. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;377:39–49
- . Alcohol consumption by aging adults in the United States: health benefits and detriments. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108:1668–1676
- . Determination of biological markers for alcohol abuse. J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl. 1998;713:245–264
- Biochemical markers of alcoholism. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45:953–961
- A comparative study between carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the diagnosis of excessive drinking in a liver unit. J Hepatol. 1997;27:1003–1008
- Validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV) as biomarkers for chronic alcohol abuse: a study in patients with alcohol dependence and liver disorders of non-alcoholic and alcoholic origin. Addiction. 2005;100:1477–1486
- . Evaluation of two biological markers combined as a parameter of alcohol dependency. Alcohol Alcohol. 1997;32:731–737
- . Biomarkers of alcoholism: an updated review. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008;68:81–92
- Behavior therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Hepatology. 2008;47:746–754
- . Lifestyle modification as the primary treatment of NASH. Clin Liver Dis. 2009;13:649–665
- Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2010;51:121–129
- Dietary habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2003;37:909–916
- Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1760–1765
- Soft drink consumption is associated with fatty liver disease independent of metabolic syndrome. J Hepatol. 2009;51:918–924
- Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:1322–1334
- Serum alanine aminotransferase levels decrease further with carbohydrate than fat restriction in insulin-resistant adults. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1075–1080
- Effect of a dietary-induced weight loss on liver enzymes in obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1141–1147
- Health-related fitness and physical activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2008;47:1158–1166
- Independent effects of physical activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2009;50:68–76
- . Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is strongly associated with carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review. J Hepatol. 2008;49:600–607
- Objectively measured sedentary time may predict insulin resistance independent of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Diabetes. 2009;58:1776–1779
- . Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2007;9:454–462
- . The current status and future perspectives of studies of cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists as anti-obesity agents. Curr Top Med Chem. 2009;9:482–503
- Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1396–1402
- Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;1:CD007340
- Which treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008;8:767–775
- . Long-term efficacy of rosiglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results of the fatty liver improvement by rosiglitazone therapy (FLIRT 2) extension trial. Hepatology. 2009;epub October 31
- The effects of discontinuing pioglitazone in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2007;46:424–429
- . Type 2 diabetes, thiazolidinediones, and cardiovascular risk. Br J Gen Pract. 2009;59:520–524
- Therapeutic efficacy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2004;40:1222–1225
- Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2004;39:770–778
- Ursodeoxycholic acid or clofibrate in the treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis: a pilot study. Hepatology. 1996;23:1464–1467
- Randomized placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid with vitamin e in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1537–1543
- Iron depletion by phlebotomy improves insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperferritinemia: evidence from a case–control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1251–1258
- Beneficial effects of pentoxifylline on hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and necroinflammation in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:634–638
- Surveillance programme of cirrhotic patients for early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost effectiveness analysis. Gut. 2001;48:251–259
- Increased survival of cirrhotic patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma detected during surveillance. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1005–1014
- . Obesity and cancer. Br Med J. 2007;335:1107–1108
- Diabetes duration and cause-specific mortality in the Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1119–1123
- Risk of cancer in patients hospitalized with fatty liver: a Danish cohort study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;36:356–359
- Long term nutritional intake and the risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a population based study. J Hepatol. 2007;47
- Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008;48:993–999
- . When is steatosis too much for transplantation?. J Hepatol. 2006;45:494–499
- . Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: the elephant in the room. Liver Transplant. 2008;14:1245–1248
PII: S1590-8658(10)00045-9
doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.01.021
© 2010 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Digestive and Liver Disease
Volume 42, Issue 4
, Pages 272-282
, April 2010
